Year in review: the evolution of Russia sanctions in 2022 Russia’s entry into Ukraine set off an unprecedented wave of sanctions and export controls. Nancy Fischer, Steven Farmer and Iris Karaman review the impact on Russia and the global economy Is it now time for industry 4.0? The much anticipated fourth industrial revolution hasn’t happened yet. Richard Markoff and Ralf Seifert discuss the many factors that have slowed the progress of industry 4.0 Climate versus trade? Reconciling international subsidy rules with industrial decarbonisation. David Kleimann argues that environmental subsidies could be justified The climate of trade The upward trend in global trade is being compromised. Graham Bright considers the challenges to crossborder trade going forward A global rebalance? The BRICS have come under immense scrutiny due to their response to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Jordan Mc Lean and Luanda Mpungose examine BRICS principles The perils of unilateralism Simon Evenett and Johannes Fritz consider the latest research and find that commercial policies and regulations now fragment the digital economy The importance of strategic autonomy in the digital era Society increasingly relies on technology. Wilbert Jan Derksen considers the importance of strategic autonomy in ensuring national security Recovering from COVID Building resilience in select African economies. Conrad van Gass considers the lessons learnt from policy responses prompted by the pandemic Destabilised supply chains Shanghai, the world’s biggest port, is returning to normal. Sarah Schiffling and Nikolaos Valantasis Kanellos argue that despite this supply chains will get worse before they get better How technology is reshaping trade Trade has always been shaped by technology. Robert Atkinson examines how digital technologies are transforming goods and services production Is it time for a new theory to explain crossborder trade? Can we imagine a world without crossborder trade? If not, then we need to know what determines the crossborder flow of products and services, Sanjay Kumar Mangla, Nikita Jain and Richa Gupta discuss Is the post-war trading system ending? Global trade faces many challenges. Uri Dadush argues the post-war system is being transformed into a more complex, politicised and contentious set of trade relationships New wine in new bottles Indian Free Trade agreements have been a mixed bag. Bipul Chatterjee and Sneha Singh consider the modernisation of India’s FTA strategy The ‘gatekeeper’ dilemma The scope of the Digital Markets Act has emerged as one of the most contentious issues in the regulatory discussion. Mario Mariniello and Catarina Martins assess which companies will be caught by the DMA A liberal perspective on trade and development Inequality and poverty remain a global reality. Edwin van de Haar considers the benefits of free trade to Sub-Saharan African development Big tech reset? EU court dismisses Google appeal. Renaud Foucart believes the knock-on effects from this ruling could be enormous as tech giants consider their business models International trade, global supply chains and monetary policy Silvana Tenreyro says global supply chains can improve a country’s productivity and income. But the benefits they bring are not evenly spread across sectors Building the road to greener pastures Post-COVID, Mia Hoffmann, Ben McWilliams and Niclas Frederic Poitiers consider how the G20 can support the recovery with sustainable local infrastructure investment The EUs carbon border mechanism and the WTO André Sapir argues that to avoid any backlash, the European Union should work with other World Trade Organization members to define basic principles of carbon border adjustment mechanisms How the pandemic could save us We are at a crossroads. Ian Goldin argues that the pandemic has created opportunities for change which would have been impossible before the pandemic China and the WTO: two systems meet Petros Mavroidis and André Sapir focus on the build-up to China joining the WTO, and argue that expectations for China’s behaviour were misguided from the start China and the WTO: an uneasy relationship Petros Mavroidis and André Sapir examine the Chinese economic and trading structure, that has continued despite expectations it would liberalise and open up China and the WTO: how can they work together better? The WTO is limited in its ability to shape China's trade policy. Petros Mavroidis and André Sapir consider how the China-WTO relationship can be reformed and improved Leveraging synergies The anti-corruption and human rights agendas have much in common. Ina Sandler says companies can leverage existing synergies to address corporate risk Reinventing work The labour market is transforming. Werner Eichhorst considers employee development, changing jobs and worker transitions in the post-COVID labour market Is BRICS past its sell-by date? Despite increasing political differences between members, Elizabeth Sidiropoulos sees a continuing role of the BRICS as the global economy rebalances Chinese and Russian geopolitical games Katarzyna Sidło looks at how China and Russia have exploited the COVID-19 pandemic to improve their international standing in the MENA region Work and employment after COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented effect on labour. Werner Eichhorst assesses the possible changes in the future of work Preparing for the COVID aftermath Sofia Baliño considers the threat of ISDS arbitration against emergency measures, and warns governments to mobilize as they have in the health sphere and apply it to their international investment agreements and policies Trade policy after three years of populism The populist turn in many nations’ politics has sharpened the rhetoric against globalisation. Simon Evenett and Johannes Fritz find that this has translated into greater protectionism worldwide An Asia trade war threatens The trade war between the USA and China is ongoing. Abhijit Mukhopadhyay says the Japan-South Korea dispute threatens to further derail international business The WTO dispute settlement and the Appellate Body crisis Matteo Fiorini, Bernard Hoekman, Petros Mavroidis, Maarja Saluste and Robert Wolfe report on insider perceptions and WTO members’ revealed preferences Many forms of populism Dani Rodrik argues that there are times when economic populism may be the only way to forestall its much more dangerous cousin, political populism We’re in danger of forgetting the lessons from Bretton Woods Roberto Azevêdo says the world risks forgetting the importance of a rules-based system of economic cooperation, which has underpinned decades of unprecedented peace and prosperity The EU-Mercosur FTA: prospects and risks The deal is worth fighting for, according to Michael Baltensperger and Uri Dadush, and the agreement could be as significant for the globe’s climate as it is for the global economy Incoterms® 2020 – updated rules for sale of goods certainty The International Chamber of Commerce reviews the latest edition of the Incoterms® rules, that ensure a rules-based solution between trading partners worldwide The ‘new’ economics of trade agreements Tariffs have been reduced in the post-war period. Gene Grossman, Phillip McCalman and Robert Staiger analyse the increase in non-tariff barriers and the affect on global trade Global trade protection and the role of NTBs Luisa Kinzius, Alexander Sandkamp and Erdal Yalcin demonstrate that trade protection in the form of non-tariff barriers started many years ago MNEs in the global economy: heavily discussed, hardly measured Koen De Backer, Sébastien Miroudot and Davide Rigo introduce the OECD Analytical AMNE database, which provides unique opportunities to study the activities of MNEs and the effect of GVCs on investment and production Dousing the sovereignty wildfire Rows between collective and national interests are sure to erupt. Jean Pisani-Ferry writes that the world needs to find a way to manage them The road to Kazakhstan The WTO is facing heightened pressure from multiple angles. Sofia Baliño finds that members are debating a new investment facilitation framework in a tenuous WTO landscape Implications of the escalating China-US trade dispute Uri Dadush considers the impacts on the Chinese and US economies, as well as the strategic problems this dispute poses for Europe Breaking up big companies and market power concentration Elizabeth Warren proposes the break-up of big tech companies. A UK report presents another approach for regulating the digital economy. And IMF research shows that concentration of market power extends beyond digital. Konstantinos Efstathiou reviews the debate Europe in the midst of China-US strategic competition The trade conflict between the US and China is bringing China-US strategic competition into the open. Alicia García-Herrero says the EU faces an urgent question: how to position itself in the competition? The global macroeconomics of a trade war Increasing protectionism will slow down world trade and may dampen global economic growth. Wilko Bolt, Kostas Mavromatis and Sweder Van Wijnbergen consider the findings from the EAGLE model Next-generation technologies and the future of trade Susan Lund and Jacques Bughin consider some of the possible effects and estimate the magnitude of potential changes of the future technological transformation At a crossroads: Russia in the global economy Sergey Kulik, Nikita Maslennikov and Igor Yurgens shed light on the different paths for Russia's economic development. This revelatory and entertaining book is reviewed by WCR Dancing with the dragon: can the EU and China rescue the WTO? Comprehensive WTO reform has never been more urgent. Bart Broer argues that the Sino-European relationship could safeguard the world's trading regime The European Union’s response to the trade crisis The global trading system is being challenged. Uri Dadush and Guntram Wolff consider the possible outcomes and how the EU can respond Brexit delay will not postpone deglobalisation Peter van Bergeijk argues that Brexit and the Trumpian trade wars are symptoms rather than causes, as the world had already started to fundamentally change before either came on the horizon Russia’s foreign policy does not help its economic modernization Russia’s over-ambitious foreign ventures have exacerbated the negative effects of the numerous economic headwinds it faces, Marek Dabrowski writes No deal is the best deal for Britain Patrick Minford considers the options for the UK as they reach the endgame in their negotiations with the EU, and finds that a No Deal Brexit is a recipe for economic success The macroeconomic implications of a global trade war Escalating tensions between the US and its trading partners have made a global trade war more likely. Antoine Berthou et al consider the potential effects Assessing global financial stability Tobias Adrian describes what the IMF sees as some of the major factors that could put growth at risk Trade and growth in the age of global value chains The rise of protectionism has revived the debate about the benefits of trade. Carlo Altomonte, Laura Bonacorsi and Italo Colantone highlight the important role played by GVCs in allowing countries to gain by trade Time for China to step up to global anti-corruption responsibilities China, the world's largest exporter, is failing to enforce its own laws on foreign bribery. Gillian Dell believes that China should join the major exporting nations to take action against foreign bribery

THE GLOBAL TRADE AND FINANCE PLATFORM